What do you understand by the laws of international organization? Explain different types of international organization?

Question: What do you understand by the laws of international organization? Explain different types of international organization?

Introduction: The international organizations are the outcome of formal political agreements and generally contributions by national governments. The existence of international organizations is recognized by law in their member countries.

International Law Commission defined: An International Organization as an organization established by a treaty or other instrument governed by international law and possessing its own international legal personality. International Organizations generally have States as members, but often other entities can also apply for membership.

Laws of international organization: The applicable or proper law of international organizations is international law. The traditional body of international law developed though customs, treaty, and arbitral decision. But now international organizations are significantly included as the subject of international law in line with the state. So it revels that international law and international organization are keenly related with each other. Law of international organization deals with those international customary rules and regulation which determines:

1. The composition, powers and function of international organization (I.O).
2. The relation between states and (I.O) and between int. organization themselves as well.
3. The rights and obligation of other Int. organization as the subject of legal personality.

So it appears that international organization deals with the rules and regulation in respect of the composition, powers and function of international organization. The international organizations are generally based on there Constitution and following the general principles of international law.

International organization plays a vital role in creating customary international laws. The proposals, declarations or decisions taken unanimously by the international organization are considered to abide by that organization. In practice the international organization are entitled to frame some specific convention, rules, and regulation for administration and smooth running of the organization. This internal administrative rules and regulation create sufficient impact in the development of international law.

Kinds of International Organizations:

Generally the term international organization is used to mean international governmental organizations only. Modern International organizations may be classified into two main categories:

1. Intergovernmental organizations.
2. International Non-governmental organizations.

1. Intergovernmental organizations:

The members of international intergovernmental organization are sovereign states. Legally speaking, an international organization must be established by a treaty providing it with legal recognition involving two or more nations, to work in good faith, on issues of common interest. Hundreds of (IGO) operate in all parts of the world. In the absence of a treaty an (IGO) does not exist in the legal sense.  Intergovernmental organizations that are formed by treaties are more advantageous because they are subject to international law and have the ability to enter into enforceable agreements among themselves or with states.

The main purposes of (IGO) were to create a mechanism for the world's inhabitants to work more successfully together in the areas of peace and security, and also to deal with economic and social questions. In this current era (IGO) plays a very significant role in international political systems and global governance. The Intergovernmental organizations may be global or regional in character on the basis of the nature and functioning.

Global Intergovernmental organizations: Membership is open to all the nations of the world.

1. United Nations, its specialized agencies
2. World Trade Organization
3. Universal Postal Union

Regional Intergovernmental organizations: Membership is open to a particular region or continent of the world.

1. European Union (EU)
2. Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC)
3. South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC)

NOTE: In general, regional (IGO) have experienced more success than global ones, and those with specific purposes have worked better than those with broad aims.

2. International Non-governmental organizations:

International Non-governmental organizations are private organizations whose memberships and activities are international in scope and have outposts around the world to deal with specific issues in many countries. The main focus for INGOs is to provide community based services. These organizations projects in health, like HIV/AIDS awareness and prevention, clean water, and malaria prevention, and in education, like schools for girls.

INGOs do not possess the legal status like national governments. However, the UN and other international forums recognize many INGOs as important political institutions because they coordinate the actions of members for mutual gain. Examples are Greenpeace, the Amnesty International, and the International Committee of the Red Cross. International Non-Governmental Organizations:

• Set up by individuals or groups.
• Governed by the law of the country where it is incorporated.
• States are usually not parties of INGOs

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