The United Nations Specialized Agencies.

The United Nations Specialized Agencies.

Introduction:

A specialised agency is an autonomous inter-governmental organisation that has been created through its own independent legal instrument and is normally mandated to address a specific issue. Specialised agencies are linked to the United Nations through the UN Charter.

UN Specialised Agencies:

The specialised agencies are those independent organizations which brought into relationship with United Nations and are designs to functions on behalf of the UN with full responsibilities in specific issue especially in economic, social, cultural, educational, health and humanitarian fields are known as or allocated to the specialised agencies of UN.

Essential Ingredients of UN Specialised Agencies:

1. They must be inter-governmental organization
2. They must have wide international responsibilities in economic, social and health fields
3. They must sign an agreement with ECOSOC in accordance with Article 63 UN Charter.
4. The agreement shall be approved by UN General Assembly.

Specialized agencies of the UN:

At present Specialized agencies of the UN are seventeen in number and carry out various functions on behalf of the UN. The specialized agencies are as follows:

1. The International Labor Organization (ILO):

Formulates policies and programs to improve working conditions and employment opportunities and defines international labor standards as guidelines for governments.

2. The Food and Agriculture Organization  (FAO):

Works to raise levels of nutrition and standards of living, improve agricultural productivity and food security of the world and to better the conditions of rural populations.

3. The UN Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO):

Promotes education for all, cultural development, protection of the world's natural and cultural heritage, press freedom, and communication.

4. The World Health Organization (WHO):

Coordinates programs aimed at solving health problems of all peoples at highest possible level of health. It works in areas such as immunization, health education, and the provision of essential drugs.

5. The World Bank (WB):

Group provides loans, policy, guidance and technical assistance to developing countries to reduce poverty and advance sustainable economic growth.

6. The International Monetary Fund (IMF):

Facilitates international monetary cooperation and financial stability, and provides a permanent forum for consultation, advice, and assistance on financial issues.

7. The International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO):

Promote international standards necessary for the safety, security, efficiency, and regularity of air navigation and transport, and to cooperation in all areas of civil aviation.

8. The Universal Postal Union (UPU):

Ensure international regulations for smooth organisation and perfection of the various postal services and to promote the development of international cooperation in the field of postal communications.

9. The International Telecommunication Union (ITU):

Promote international co-operation for the improvement and use of telecommunications of all kinds i.e. coordinates usage of radio and TV frequencies, promotes safety measures, and conducts research.

10. The World Meteorological Organization (WMO):

Promotes scientific research on the atmosphere and on climate change, and facilitates the global exchange of meteorological data and information.

11. The International Maritime Organization (IMO):

Works to improve international shipping procedures, encourages the highest standards in marine safety, and seeks to prevent marine pollution from ships.

12. The World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO):

Promotes international protection of intellectual property and fosters cooperation on copyrights, trademarks, industrial designs, and patents.

13. The International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD):

Mobilizes financial assistance for improved food production and better nutrition to least developed countries.

14. The UN Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO):

Promotes industrial advancement of developing countries through technical assistance advisory services, and training.

15. The International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA):

An autonomous inter-governmental organization under the aegis of the UN, works for the safe and peaceful uses of nuclear energy.

16. World Trade Organization (WTO):

Facilitated and implemented international trade operation, cooperate developing countries in exports and to ensure transparency of international trade.

17. World Tourism Organization (UNWTO):

Promote the development of responsible, sustainable and universally accessible tourism.

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